Constipation
What Is Constipation?
Constipation is a common digestive condition in which bowel movements become infrequent, difficult, or painful. It is generally defined as having fewer than three bowel movements per week or passing hard, dry stools. While occasional constipation is common, persistent constipation may require medical evaluation and treatment.
Common Symptoms
- Fewer than three bowel movements per week
- Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
- Difficulty or straining during bowel movements
- A feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Bloating and excessive gas
- Need for manual assistance to pass stool in severe cases
Causes of Constipation
- Low-fiber diet
- Inadequate water intake
- Lack of physical activity
- Ignoring the urge to have a bowel movement
- Certain medications (painkillers, iron supplements, antidepressants)
- Pregnancy
- Stress and changes in routine
- Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism, diabetes, or neurological disorders
Risk Factors
- Older age
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Poor dietary habits
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Chronic illnesses
- Long-term use of certain medications
Diagnosis
Your doctor may recommend:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Digital rectal examination
- Blood tests (if needed)
- Colonoscopy
- Anorectal manometry
- Colonic transit study
- Imaging studies in selected cases
Treatment Options
Lifestyle Changes
- Increase dietary fiber intake
- Drink 2–3 liters of water daily
- Exercise regularly
- Establish a regular bowel routine
- Avoid delaying bowel movements
Medications
- Bulk-forming fiber supplements
- Osmotic laxatives
- Stool softeners
- Stimulant laxatives (only under medical supervision)
- Prescription medications for chronic constipation
Advanced Treatment
If constipation is caused by an underlying medical condition or does not respond to conservative treatment, specialized evaluation and advanced therapies may be recommended.