Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower rectum and anus. They can develop inside the rectum (internal hemorrhoids) or around the anus (external hemorrhoids). Hemorrhoids are a common condition and can affect people of all ages, especially those with chronic constipation, prolonged sitting, obesity, or pregnancy.

 

Common Symptoms

• Bleeding during or after bowel movements
• Pain or discomfort while passing stools
• Itching or irritation around the anus
• Swelling or a lump near the anal opening
• Mucus discharge
• A feeling of incomplete bowel evacuation

Causes of Hemorrhoids

• Chronic constipation
• Straining during bowel movements
• Sitting on the toilet for long periods
• Low-fiber diet
• Pregnancy and childbirth
• Obesity
• Heavy lifting
• Aging
• Chronic diarrhea

Types of Hemorrhoids

Internal Hemorrhoids

Located inside the rectum. They are usually painless but may cause bleeding during bowel movements.

External Hemorrhoids

Develop under the skin around the anus and may cause pain, swelling, itching, and discomfort.

Thrombosed Hemorrhoids

Occur when a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid, causing severe pain and swelling.

 

Risk Factors

• Age over 45 years
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Obesity
• Pregnancy
• Family history
• Chronic constipation or diarrhea
• Low-fiber diet

Diagnosis

Your doctor may recommend:

• Physical examination
• Digital rectal examination
• Anoscopy
• Proctoscopy
• Colonoscopy (if necessary to rule out other causes of bleeding)

Treatment Options

Conservative Treatment

• High-fiber diet
• Increased water intake
• Stool softeners
• Warm sitz baths
• Prescription medications
• Lifestyle modifications

Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Rubber Band Ligation
• Injection (Sclerotherapy)
• Infrared Coagulation

Surgical Treatment

For large, recurrent, or severe hemorrhoids, surgery may be recommended.

• Hemorrhoidectomy
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy
• Laser Hemorrhoid Surgery (where appropriate)