Rectal Prolapse
What Is Rectal Prolapse?
Rectal prolapse is a condition in which the rectum, the last part of the large intestine, slips out of its normal position and protrudes through the anus. It can occur partially or completely and is more common in older adults, particularly women. Although it is not always a medical emergency, rectal prolapse requires prompt evaluation and treatment to prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Common Symptoms
- A reddish bulge or tissue protruding from the anus
- Difficulty controlling bowel movements (fecal incontinence)
- Constipation or difficulty passing stool
- A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
- Rectal bleeding
- Mucus discharge
- Pain or discomfort during bowel movements
- Feeling of pressure or fullness in the rectum
Causes of Rectal Prolapse
- Chronic constipation
- Repeated straining during bowel movements
- Weak pelvic floor muscles
- Aging
- Childbirth and pregnancy
- Previous pelvic or rectal surgery
- Neurological disorders affecting bowel control
- Chronic diarrhea
Risk Factors
- Age over 50 years
- Female gender
- Chronic constipation
- Pelvic floor dysfunction
- Previous pelvic surgery
- Multiple vaginal deliveries
- Connective tissue disorders
- Long-term straining during bowel movements
Types of Rectal Prolapse
Partial (Mucosal) Prolapse
Only the inner lining of the rectum protrudes through the anus.
Complete (Full-Thickness) Prolapse
The entire wall of the rectum protrudes through the anal opening.
Internal Rectal Prolapse
The rectum folds into itself without protruding outside the body but can still cause bowel symptoms.
Diagnosis
Your doctor may recommend:
- Medical history and physical examination
- Digital rectal examination
- Colonoscopy
- Defecography
- Anorectal manometry
- MRI of the pelvic floor (if required)
- Colon transit studies in selected cases